Assessment of sperm concentration and sperm motility was performed as described in the who 2010 manual 11. The sperm count in a normal semen analysis should be between 20 million to over 200 million. The semen analysis also can be used to determine whether sperm are present in semen after a man has had a vasectomy, a surgical procedure that prevents sperm from being released within the ejaculate. The effect of the new 2010 world health organization. New 2010 who standards 5th edition for the evaluation of. The sperm count is the total number of cells counted in 10 boxes multiplied by 1 million per ml total analysis volume 10 x 0. Sperm motility abandons the distinction between slowand rapidprogressive spermatozoa the arguments posited by the who5 have been refuted elsewhere bjorndahl, 2010. A semen analysis phone app does not replace laboratory testing. Who laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen 5th ed.
The who 2010 manual is essentially a laboratory tool, like others in clinical medicine. Out of these at least 32% should swim in a forward direction, and at least 4% should have a normal shape. Prediction of male infertility by the world health. Machine learningbased analysis of sperm videos and.
Eliasson, 2010 and, very importantly, there are clinical data both from manual sperm motility. Computeraided sperm analysis casa technology was developed in the late 1980s for analyzing sperm movement characteristics or kinematics and has been highly successful in enabling this field of. Who manual for the examination of human semen and spermcervical. Who laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and spermcervical mucus interaction. Normal semen liquefies in 30 min, if liquefaction doesnot occur in 60 min there is abnormal increase in viscosity which decreases sperm motility. The fifth edition includes new information on sperm preparation for clinical use or specialized assays and on cyropreservation, an expanded section on quality control in the semen. Testing must begin within 60 minutes of specimen production. Nomenclature related to semen quality notes on semen analysis who. The aim of the study was to check the quality of computerassisted sperm analysis casa system in comparison to the reference manual method as well as standardization of the computer. If droplets form thread 2cm long viscosity is increased. The who department of reproductive health and research workgroup made important changes in the 2010 laboratory manual for the examination of human. Critical appraisal of world health organizations new. In other words, it is an effective method for determining male. The sample is measured for volume and analyzed microscopically to determine the number of sperm present, the number of moving or motile sperm, and the properties of the sperm.
The new 5th who manual semen parameter reference values eshre. Comparison of semen analysis values based on 2010 versus 1999. This manual provides updated, standardized, evidencebased procedures and recommendations for. A semen analysis, also known as sperm test or spermogram, is a type of test to evaluate the quality of a sperm sample and the sperm count. In its subsequent updates in 1987, 1992, 1999 and 2010. Absence of sperm or reduced sperm numbers is seen in testicular failure, primary or secondary germ cell arrest.
Examination and processing of human semen world health. Standard procedures in semen analysis include evaluation of sperm concentration, motility. Who laboratory manual for the examination and processing. Semen analysis is used to assess male infertility which may be due to a variety of causes. New 2010 who standards 5th edition for the evaluation of human semen 2010 who guidelines for semen analysis mahmood morshedi, ph. Normal values according to who 1999 and who 2010 criteria 6. Le spermogramme, morphologie spermatique et biochimie du. Basic semen analysis chapter 3 a practical guide to. Likened to a clinical sign it has been improved upon over past editions. Sperm count, or sperm concentration to avoid confusion with total sperm count, measures the concentration of sperm in a mans ejaculate, distinguished from total sperm count, which is the sperm. Normal values from who manuals, editions 2 4 and lower reference limits from new 5th who manual 2010 semen parameter who edition and year 2nd 1987 3rd 1992 4th 1999 5th.
Reference values of who 1999 manual were used for the interpretation of semen analysis until 2010 when new reference values were introduced which have lower cut. Who laboratory manual for the examination of human semen. Prediction of male infertility by the world health organization. Educational commentary current methods to determine sperm counts cont. Hft casa sperm analyzer systemcasa full assessment of dynamic and morphologic human and animal sperm parameters in compliance with the latest who manual edition 5 hftcasa software hftcasa is a well established system for standardized sperm analysis. The reference values for the semen parameters established in the 2010 who manual were described in a report by cooper et al. Sperm analysis is not a reliable test for diagnosing fertility. In the interim, the specimen should be kept at room temperature, but it is recommended that it be kept close to the body inside a shirt or. If this number is low, conceiving can be more difficult. The methodology used in the assessment of the usual.
The who manual for the examination of human semen and spermsemencervical mucus interaction who, 1987, 1992, 1999 is widely used as a source of standard methodology for. Despite being an imperfect tool in the workup of infertile couples, it has a critical role in providing standards for andrology laboratories 2, 3. This manual provides updated, standardized, evidencebased procedures and recommendations for laboratory managers, scientists and technicians to follow in examining human semen. Who laboratory manual for the examination and processing of. The study analysed the semen analysis data from 1953 men from five. Sperm motility was evaluated using videos of the semen sample, and all. Laboratoryperformed manual semen analysis sa is the primary diagnostic test for male fertility. The main purpose of this manual is to provide useful guidelines for the selection of pathology tests and to facilitate interpretation of results. Who manuals provided substantial improvements on how to assess the seminal. Interpretation of semen analysis using who 1999 and who. Who laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and spermcervical mucus interaction this dewnitive and essential source of reference has been thoroughly updated and revised to meet. Summary of who criteria for a normal semen analysis.
According to who, an ejaculate is considered normal if at least 1. Subgroup analysis included the comparison of who 2010 manual fifth edition versus 4 previous editions. This manual has been a worldwide standard for laboratory semen analysis. Semen analysis may be useful in both clinical and research settings, for investigating male fertility status as well. A semen analysis measures how much semen a man produces. The implications of the new who guidelines for sperm analysis. The who laboratory manual for semen analysis has remained as the bible of andrology in both research and clinic. American proficiency institute 2010 3rd test event manual sperm count. Initial sperm concentration was compared to manual and computerized assisted semen analysis casa. However, no paternity is guaranteed in case of a normal sperm test.
The fifth edition includes new information on sperm preparation for clinical use or specialized assays and on cryopreservation, an expanded section on quality control in the semen analysis laboratory and evidencebased reference ranges and reference limits for various semen characteristics. The methodology used in the assessment of the usual variables in semen analysis is described, as are many of the less common, but very valuable, sperm function tests. Semen analysis may be useful in both clinical and research settings, for investigating male fertility status as well as monitoring spermatogenesis during and following male fertility regulation and other interventions. A total of 12 studies were included in the metaanalysis, involving 20,491 subjects. Effect of varicocele on semen characteristics male. It also shows the number and quality of sperm in the semen sample this test is usually one of the first tests done to help find. World health organization reference values for human semen.
Who laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, 5 th edition, world health organization 2010. The semen analysis should be performed following the 2010 who guidelines, and at least two semen samples obtained more than 2 weeks apart should be. Although the value of laboratory sa has been questioned because of performance variation among. The new 2010 who manual and the need to address some.
The updated version of the who manual was completed at the end of 2009 and published in 2010. Five editions of the manual have been published so far 1980, 1987, 1992, 1999 and 2010 and the new 2010 edition provides more specific guidelines for the analysis of sperm parameters and more. The effect of the new 2010 world health organization criteria for. If your doctor doesnt find any sperm in your semen analysis, he will probably check it for seminal fructose, which is produced by your seminal vesicles. Improved neubauer hemocytometer the improved neubauer hemocytometer hausser scientific, horsham, pa is a heavy glass slide with 2 slightly recessed chambers. Limitations affecting the reliability of semen analysis as a predictor of fertility. The fifth edition includes new information on sperm preparation for clinical use or specialized assays and on cryopreservation, an expanded section on quality control in the semen analysis laboratory and. Thanks to the latest image analysis alghorithms, hftcasa. Eshre special interest group for andrology basic semen. Importance and limitations of semen analysis for male infertility evaluation.
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